RESOURCE GUIDE ON SUSTAINABLE ANIMAL FEED
SCOPE
The global demand for animal protein products is increasing rapidly due to population growth, rising income, and changes in diets,[1] resulting in an increased demand for animal feed. While animal feed is an essential input to the animal protein industry, it also has a significant impact on the environment, including air, land, soil, water, and biodiversity. For instance, life cycle assessment (LCA) studies have estimated that feed production accounts for 70% of the carbon footprint of animal products.[2] Thus, meeting future demand for protein products in a sustainable way will require a wide range of strategies to tackle the environmental impact of feed production.
Since August 2019, The Sustainability Consortium (TSC) has been conducting the Feeding our Food Discussion Group with stakeholders to explore and share resources on feed sustainability. The information gathered through this discussion group provided initial material for TSC to develop this guide. The purpose of TSC’s Resource Guide on Sustainable Animal Feed is to provide resources and information specific to feed sustainability to help our members and community create, meet, and exceed their own feed sustainability goals. This resource guide is intended to support TSC members, sustainability professionals, processors, brands, and retailers interested in learning more about sustainable animal feed or seeking to improve their operations.
[1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Livestock and the environment,” accessed September 15, 2020, http://www.fao.org/livestock-environment/en/
[2] Alessandra Nardina Trícia Rigo Monteiro, and Jean-Yves Dourmad. “Life cycle assessment of feed ingredients.” SUMINAPP – Sustainable Usage of trace Minerals for Animal Production Programs (2018). DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26695.75682.
ABOUT
Last Updated Dec 2020
The scope of TSC’s Resource Guide on Sustainable Animal Feed is to centralize relevant resources and information related to feed sustainability globally – with a focus on the U.S. This resource guide is organized in five chapters: leading organizations engaged in feed sustainability efforts, useful tools, reports and case study spotlights, research, and companies’ feed sustainability initiatives. Even though this Resource Guide on Sustainable Animal Feed is not intended to be an exhaustive list, it will be updated and expanded as new resources become available.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank all of the participants in the Feeding our Food Discussion Group who provided useful feedback and ideas to incorporate into this resource guide.
ORGANIZATIONS
The feed sector benefits from several industry organizations, multi-stakeholder partnerships, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with recognized work at global and regional levels on sustainable feed.
Industry Organizations with Feed Sustainability Initiatives or Resources
American Feed Industry Association

The American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) represents the total feed industry, as a key segment of the food chain, and member companies’ interests.[1] AFIA is engaged in a four-part sustainability initiative to reduce animal agriculture’s carbon footprint in the U.S. and to develop tools and resources to help the feed industry improve its practices globally. AFIA’s feed sustainability work focuses on four key areas:
- optimizing the use of energy and natural resources.
- enhancing the precision of animal nutrition programs through new, efficient, and productive technologies.
- providing consumers and policymakers with a better understanding and appreciation of U.S. food production system.
- supporting our local communities.
AFIA also partners with other organizations within the agricultural community to support research efforts. These research efforts provide data that the animal food industry needs to achieve its sustainability initiatives and to inform policymakers and the public. AFIA is also the founder of the Institute for Feed Education & Research (IFEEDER) and one of the founders of the Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).
[1] “About AFIA,” American Feed Industry Association, accessed September 15, 2020, https://www.afia.org/about-afia/mission-vision-values/
European Feed Manufacturers’ Federation

European Feed Manufacturers’ Federation (FEFAC) represents the European compound feed industry at the level of the European Institutions. FEFAC consists of 25 national associations in 24 EU Member States, as well as associations in Switzerland, Turkey, Norway, Serbia, and Russia. The FEFAC has projects related to feed safety, feed quality, market access and innovation, and sustainability. In 2015, the FEFAC published the Soy Sourcing Guidelines, which are a list of 59 ethical, social, and environmental topics that are considered important for responsible soy production. The Soy Sourcing Guidelines also include a number of verification requirements for feed material.[1] In addition, the FEFAC has contributed to different projects on feed sustainability, such as the PEFCR Feed for Food-Producing Animals and the GFLI.[2] On September 25, 2020, FEFAC launched its Feed Sustainability Charter 2030 in response to the EU Green Deal Objectives affecting EU feed and livestock production. The Charter includes five ambitions to contribute to more sustainable livestock and aquaculture production:
- Contribute To Climate-Neutral Livestock & Aquaculture Production Through Feed
- Foster Sustainable Food Systems Through Increased Resource & Nutrient Efficiency
- Promote Responsible Sourcing Practices
- Contribute to Improving Farm Animal Health & Welfare
- Enhance the Socio-Economic Environment and Resilience of the Livestock & Aquaculture Sectors
The Charter contains concrete feed sector actions at EU and national level featuring animal nutrition solutions that can help increase the sustainability of livestock farming operations. They are aimed to provide meaningful answers to growing market expectations as well as to increased societal demands at EU and global level.
[1] https://fefac.eu/home/fefac-feed-sustainability-charter-2030/
[2] “Sustainability,” FEFAC, accessed September 15, 2020, https://fefac.eu/priorities/sustainability/
FeedLatina

Feedlatina is an association that brings together companies and entities representing the animal feed sector in Latin America and the Caribbean. Feedlatina operates based in Montevideo, Uruguay, and has the support of entities such as FAO, IICA, IFIF, OIE, ALA, ABPA, CLANA, among others. Current member countries include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.
The Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy

The Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy is a voluntary organization that works with leaders from across the dairy value chain to align on pre-competitive priorities and drive progress with the goal of advancing a shared social responsibility platform. The Innovation Center developed the U.S Dairy Stewardship Commitment (Stewardship Commitment) to support dairy farmers, cooperatives, and processors who voluntarily choose to work across the industry to advance sustainability leadership and report progress. The Stewardship Commitment provides science-based measures to track, measure and communicate sustainability progress – at the farm, cooperative and processor level, and from individual company to aggregate national reporting.[1] One of the priority areas of the Stewardship Commitment is feed impact, which is assessed through two indicators:
- Field to Market’s indicators for water, soil, land use and biodiversity.
- Innovation Center’s indicators for greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy intensity of feed production, as measured by U.S. dairy’s Comprehensive LCA for U.S. Milk.
In April 2020, the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy set new environmental stewardship goals for the U.S. dairy industry that include manure/nutrient management, soil health and water quality. The 2050 Environmental Stewardship Goals are: Become carbon neutral or better; Optimize water use while maximizing recycling; and Improve water quality by optimizing utilization of manure and nutrients.[2] This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document
[1] “The U.S. Dairy Stewardship Commitment,” Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, accessed September 15, 2020, http://commitment.usdairy.com/
[2] National Milk Producers Federation. “U.S. Dairy Innovation Center sets 2050 Goals.” Regulatory Register 22, no. 2 (Summer 2020). https://www.nmpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/FINAL-Regulatory-Register-Summer-2020.pdf
National Pork Board

The U.S. pork industry has had a 100 percent legislative checkoff program since 1986. Congress created the Pork Checkoff as part of The Pork Promotion, Research and Consumer Information Act of 1985. Pork producers had requested the legislation so they could take advantage of having all producers and importers participate in a checkoff program designed to strengthen the position of pork in the marketplace. The National Pork Board executes specific programs in the areas of promotion, research and education. No funds may be used for lobbying or to influence government policy. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Sindirações

Sindirações (Animal Feed Industry of Brazil) consists of 140 members representing approximately 90% of the national market for animal feed in Brazil. Sindirações is leading Brazil’s animal feed sector by participating in the development of public policies, promoting dialogue, and supporting the sustainable development of the animal feed industry. Sindirações has been a member of the GFLI since July 2020.
Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships with Feed Sustainability Initiatives or Resources
Consumer Goods Forum-Forest Positive Coalition of Action

The American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) represents the total feed industry, as a key segment of the food chain, and member companies’ interests.[1] AFIA is engaged in a four-part sustainability initiative to reduce animal agriculture’s carbon footprint in the U.S. and to develop tools and resources to help the feed industry improve its practices globally. AFIA’s feed sustainability work focuses on four key areas:
- optimizing the use of energy and natural resources.
- enhancing the precision of animal nutrition programs through new, efficient, and productive technologies.
- providing consumers and policymakers with a better understanding and appreciation of U.S. food production system.
- supporting our local communities.
AFIA also partners with other organizations within the agricultural community to support research efforts. These research efforts provide data that the animal food industry needs to achieve its sustainability initiatives and to inform policymakers and the public. AFIA is also the founder of the Institute for Feed Education & Research (IFEEDER) and one of the founders of the Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).
[1] “About AFIA,” American Feed Industry Association, accessed September 15, 2020, https://www.afia.org/about-afia/mission-vision-values/
Cool Farm Alliance

The Cool Farm Alliance was born out of a Sustainable Food Lab project in 2010 to motivate and measure the potential for agriculture supply chains to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, with a focus on discovering actions that are practical and pragmatic at the farm level. As a pre-competitive industry collaboration created to address a shared need for tools and metrics that are simple to use and motivate change while being scientifically robust, the Cool Farm Tool falls squarely into the Sustainable Food Lab’s change methods. Since its inception in 2008, the Sustainable Food Lab has shepherded the development and use of the Cool Farm Tool and its evolution from a spreadsheet-based single metric change project to a stand-alone industry platform and multi-metric, web-based tool. The Sustainable Food Lab continues to manage the Cool Farm Alliance working with members and partners to build continuous improvement into the way of doing business and using measurement to move agricultural production more towards increasingly more sustainable practices. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Field to Market

Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture brings together a diverse group of grower organizations; agribusinesses; food, beverage, restaurant and retail companies; conservation groups; universities and public sector partners to focus on defining, measuring and advancing the sustainability of food, fiber, feed and fuel production. With nearly 150 member organizations, Field to Market provides unparalleled opportunities for multi-stakeholder collaboration through its Continuous Improvement Accelerator, an innovative framework of locally-led, member-driven conservation solutions backed by the transparency of a process-based standard. Underpinned by the industry’s most widely accepted sustainability measurement framework, the Accelerator enables Field to Market members to benchmark continuous improvement through the Fieldprint Platform and drive continuous improvement by supporting growers in the adoption of new technology and practices. Through the Accelerator, Field to Market partners with the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy to support dairy producers in eight states improve the sustainability of corn silage and alfalfa feed. Field to Market also collaborates closely with the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef by convening a joint feed task force to partner with organizations across the beef value chain in driving sustainable outcomes for feed. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock

The Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL) is a partnership of livestock sector stakeholders supported by the FAO and committed to the sustainable development of the sector. The Agenda addresses sustainable livestock and covers aspects related to livelihoods, economic and social impacts, public health, animal health and welfare, environmental impacts, biodiversity, and land use.[1] One of the sustainability domains of the Global Agenda is climate and natural resource use, which focuses on creating resilience to climate change in livestock by improving water management and breeding for drought resistance, as well as by using feeds and breeds that produce fewer emissions.[2]
The GASL has also developed the Efficiency Matrix (EM) framework to quantify the impact of specific interventions or production system changes on natural resource use efficiency, including five areas of analysis: forage and grain production, animal feeding, livestock performance, animal health, manure management system.
It aims to describe the impact of production system changes, and so act as a decision-making advisory tool. Because livestock production systems are very diverse, phase one of the EM’s development provided a broad umbrella of assessment indicators that can be applied to different environments, geographies, and scales of farming.[3]
[1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Transforming the livestock sector through the Sustainable Development Goals (Rome: FAO, 2018), http://www.fao.org/3/CA1201EN/ca1201en.pdf
[2] Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, Progress Report (GASL, 2019), http://www.livestockdialogue.org/fileadmin/templates/res_livestock/docs/Progress_Report/REPORT_GASL_2020.pdf
[3] Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, ACTION NETWORK 1 – Closing the Efficiency Gap, http://www.livestockdialogue.org/fileadmin/templates/res_livestock/docs/Area_1/Closing_the_Efficiency_gaps.pdf
Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef
![]()
The Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB) mission is to advance, support, and communicate continuous improvement in sustainability of the global beef value chain through leadership, science, and multi-stakeholder engagement and collaboration. The GRSB envisions a world where beef is a trusted part of a thriving food system in which the beef value chain is environmentally sound, socially responsible, and economically viable.[1]
[1] “Home,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, accessed October 26, 2020, https://www.grsbeef.org/
The Feed Safety Multi-Stakeholder Partnership
![]()
The Feed Safety Multi-Stakeholder Partnership is an FAO-led Partnership for Capacity Development for Feed Safety, with the objective to strengthen the capacity of relevant stakeholders along the feed and food value chain to establish a safe and sustainable feed and food value chain. The partnership involves intergovernmental organizations, governments, academia, farmers, producers, the private sector, and civil society. Even though the focus of the Partnership is to outline best practices for preventing hazards in feed, it also creates and shares scientific knowledge and data on the impact of feed safety on sustainable feed and food production, and on novel and unconventional feed sources and production processes (e.g. bio-products, insects, and food waste).[1]
[1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Feed Safety Multi-Stakeholder Partnership (Rome: FAO, 2016), http://www.fao.org/3/a-br874e.pdf
The Round Table on Responsible Soy

The Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) promotes the growth of production, trade, and use of responsible soy. It works through cooperation with those in, and related to, the soy value chain, from production to consumption.[1] Members of the RTRS can purchase credits for soybean meal used to feed animals in their supply chain in global regions that may source from high-risk areas.
[1] “About RTRS,” Round Table on Responsible Soy,” accessed October 26, 2020, https://responsiblesoy.org/sobre-la-rtrs?lang=en#que-es
The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil

The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) an organization designed, in part, to address the growing concerns about the negative environmental impacts of palm oil. RSPO also works with palm oil industry stakeholders to develop global standards to define and certify sustainable palm oil. RSPO is currently the largest multi-stakeholder organization focused on sustainability within the palm oil sector and the only global sustainability standard in the edible oil sector.[1]
[1] Cattau, Megan E., Miriam E. Marlier, and Ruth DeFries, “Effectiveness of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) for reducing fires on oil palm concessions in Indonesia from 2012 to 2015,” Environmental Research Letters 11.10 (2016): 105007.
The SAI Platform

The Sustainability Consortium

(TSC) is a global non-profit organization transforming the consumer goods industry to deliver more sustainable consumer products. TSC convenes diverse stakeholders to work collaboratively to build science-based decision tools and solutions that address sustainability issues that are materially important throughout a product’s supply chain and lifecycle. TSC members and partners include manufacturers, retailers, suppliers, service providers, NGOs, civil society organizations, governmental agencies and academics. TSC also offers a portfolio of services to help drive effective improvement and implementation. TSC tools are used to assess year over year product category sustainability performance shared from consumer goods companies with retailers in TSC’s THESIS platform. Within these annual assessments, TSC’s Key Performance Indicators for feed sustainability issues are provided for beef, chicken, dairy, eggs, farmed fish, farmed shellfish, pork, and turkey. The KPI’s enable retailers and consumer goods companies to track the sustainability performance on feed production and use over time.[1] This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
[1] “Why Product Sustainability” The Sustainability Consortium, accessed October 30, 2020, https://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/product-sustainability/
The UNFAO Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance

The UNFAO Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership is a multi-stakeholder initiative that is committed to improving the environmental performance of livestock supply chains, whilst ensuring its economic and social viability. The LEAP develops comprehensive guidance and methodology for understanding the environmental performance of livestock supply chains, in order to shape evidence-based policy measures and business strategies.[1] The LEAP Partnership developed a methodology to introduce a harmonized international approach to the life cycle assessment of the environmental performance of animal feed and livestock supply chains in a manner that takes account of the specificity of the various production systems involved.[2]These LEAP guidelines cover the following environmental impact categories: climate change, fossil energy use, acidification, eutrophication and land use.
[1] “The Partnership,” Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP), accessed September 14, 2020, http://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/overview/the-partnership/en/
[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains: Guidelines for assessment (Rome: FAO, 2016), http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6433e.pdf
The U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

The U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (USRSB) is a multi-stakeholder initiative developed to advance, support, and communicate continuous improvement in sustainability of the U.S. beef value chain.[1] In May 2019, the USRSB launched the U.S. Beef Industry Sustainability Framework to identify opportunities for continuous improvement in all types of operations and companies throughout the beef industry. The high priority indicators of the framework are animal health and well-being, efficiency and yield, water resources, land resources, air and greenhouse gas emissions, and employee safety and well-being. Specifically related to feed, the framework will assess water used for feed production through a partnership between the USRSB and Field to Market.
Finally, the USRSB also advances beef sustainability through project support. Projects related to feed that were officially supported by the USRSB in 2019 included:
- Ducks Unlimited’s Cover Crop and Livestock Integration Project (CCLIP): This project incentivizes farmers based in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Dakotas to adopt cover crops and other soil health practices. This includes working with farmers to integrate livestock into cropping systems to improve soil composition, nutrient/water cycling, and farm economics. Supporting viable grazing opportunities in this landscape helps protect remaining grasslands that provide vital wildlife habitat from being converted.
- American Farmland Trust Sustainable Grazing Project: Through its Sustainable Grazing Project, American Farmland Trust works closely with several pilot producers in Virginia to assist with the adoption of regenerative grazing practices to protect natural resources while improving profitability for producers.
[1] “About,” U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, accessed September 14, 2020, https://www.usrsb.org/about
The U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Poultry & Eggs

The U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Poultry & Eggs (US-RSPE) is an initiative developed to advance, support, and communicate continuous improvement in sustainability through leadership, innovation, multi-stakeholder engagement and collaboration. The environmental focal point of the US-RSPE includes air quality, by-products, energy use, GHG emissions, land use, nutrient management, solid waste, water quality, and water use. The environmental impact of feed is also being considered in its framework.[1]
[1] “U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Poultry & Eggs,” US-RSPE, accessed October 20, 2020, https://www.us-rspe.org/
Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships with Feed Sustainability Initiatives or Resources
The Aquaculture Stewardship Council

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is an independent, international non-profit organization founded in 2009 by the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and IDH (The Sustainable Trade Initiative) to manage the global standards for responsible aquaculture.[1] The ASC is developing a feed standard to define requirements for both responsible factory practices and for responsible feed ingredients for the three main ingredient groups used in aqua feed: marine ingredients, terrestrial plant ingredients and terrestrial animal ingredients. The global ASC Feed Standard will:
- provide a tool to help recognize and reward responsible aquaculture feed and will be applicable to all ASC farm standards. optimizing the use of energy and natural resources.
- provide an additional mechanism for producers and retailers to minimize and mitigate environmental and social impacts throughout their supply chain.
- provide more traceability and transparency to their stakeholders.
The goal of ASC’s Feed Standard will be to minimize the key negative environmental and social impacts of the production of the main feed ingredients for aquaculture. This standard is set to be implemented in the existing certification scheme. The new ASC Feed Standard is set to launch in 2020.[2]
[1] “About the ASC,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/about-us/about-the-asc/
[2] “Feed,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/our-standards/new-standards-and-reviews/new-farm-standards/new-feed/
FAIRR

Established by the Jeremy Coller Foundation, the FAIRR Initiative is a private foundation that raises awareness of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks and opportunities caused by intensive animal production. In 2019, FAIRR launched the Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing to encourage the 6 largest fast-food companies [1] to de-risk their meat and dairy supply chains against climate and water risks by adopting strategic policies and targets based on forward-looking analyses across three key areas – greenhouse gas emissions, water and land use. Specifically related to feed, each company was evaluated against a framework developed by Ceres and FAIRR to assess whether companies had a supplier policy that specifies that supplier will address all major sources of water pollution and waste in the animal protein supply chain, including feed production, and whether companies had set a time-bound target that explicitly addresses water impacts in its feed and animal farming supply chain. [2] In November 2020, the FAIRR Initiative released its Protein Producer Index to assess the largest animal protein producers on critical environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. [3]
[1] Chipotle Mexican Grill; Domino’s Pizza; McDonalds; Restaurant Brands International; Wendy’s; and Yum Foods.
[2] “Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing: Progress Briefing,” FAIRR, accessed September 22, 2020, https://www.fairr.org/article/global-investor-engagement-on-meat-sourcing/
Field to Market

Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture brings together a diverse group of grower organizations; agribusinesses; food, beverage, restaurant and retail companies; conservation groups; universities and public sector partners to focus on defining, measuring and advancing the sustainability of food, fiber, feed and fuel production. With nearly 150 member organizations, Field to Market provides unparalleled opportunities for multi-stakeholder collaboration through its Continuous Improvement Accelerator, an innovative framework of locally-led, member-driven conservation solutions backed by the transparency of a process-based standard. Underpinned by the industry’s most widely accepted sustainability measurement framework, the Accelerator enables Field to Market members to benchmark continuous improvement through the Fieldprint Platform and drive continuous improvement by supporting growers in the adoption of new technology and practices. Through the Accelerator, Field to Market partners with the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy to support dairy producers in eight states improve the sustainability of corn silage and alfalfa feed. Field to Market also collaborates closely with the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef by convening a joint feed task force to partner with organizations across the beef value chain in driving sustainable outcomes for feed. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Forum for the Future

Global Feed LCA Institute

The Institute for Feed Education and Research

The Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) Is a 501(c)(3) public charity founded in 2009 by the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA). IFEEDER focuses its work in two primary areas: funding animal feed and pet food research to support AFIA’s legislative and regulatory positions, and developing messaging to policymakers, consumer influencers, stakeholders that highlights the industry’s contributions to the availability of safe, wholesome and affordable food, and preservation of natural resources.[1]
IFEEDER is currently engaged in the first phase of a new research project that aims to assist the feed industry in addressing sustainability in a comprehensive, consistent, and strategic way. Specifically, the project has the goal of helping the feed industry by:[2]
- identifying the sustainability risks and needs of AFIA’s members by segment.
- developing tools that AFIA’s members can use to enhance or build their own sustainability programs.
- communicating and articulating sustainability for the American animal feed sector.
- targeting specific sustainability research topics to close knowledge gaps.
- developing a “sustainability roadmap” that helps AFIA members and IFEEDER connect the industry’s overall sustainability story with the values of its stakeholders.
[1] “The Institute,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/the-institute/
[2] “IFEEDER Seeks Contractor to Develop Feed Industry’s Sustainability Road Map,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/ifeeder-seeks-contractor-to-develop-feed-industrys-sustainability-road-map/
The International Feed Industry Federation

The International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF) represents the global feed industry as an essential participant in the food chain that provides sustainable, safe, nutritious, and affordable food for a growing world population. Overall, IFIF members represent over 80% of the compound animal feed production worldwide.[1] As part of its mission, IFIF supports and encourages the sustainable development of animal production through sustainability projects:
- Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS): The SFIS project brings together a consortium of international companies and associations dedicated to reducing the environmental impact of livestock through innovative specialty feed ingredients. The SFIS project examined the use of low protein (nitrogen) diets containing Amino Acids and Phytase in pigs and poultry (broilers in particular).[2]
- Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).[3]
- Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP).[4]
- Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL).[5]
[1] “About IFIF,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/about/ifif/
[2] “Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/the-speciality-feed-ingredients-sustainability-project-sfis/
[3] “Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-feed-lca-institute-gfli/
[4] “Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/partnership-on-livestock-environmental-assessment-and-performance-leap/
[5] “Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-agenda-for-sustainable-livestock/
Practical Farmers of Iowa
![]()
Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) is a membership organization that has pioneered farmer-centered and on-farm research of sustainable agriculture practices since the 1980s. PFI represents a diversity of farmers who raise corn and soybeans, hay, livestock, horticultural crops, and more.[1] Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) and Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) are the lead organizations of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, which has the goal of diversifying the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations. As part of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, PFI has been conducting on-farm pilots, feasibility studies, livestock feeding trials and research that has quantified the environmental benefits and farmer-economic proposition of growing and feeding small grains as part of an extended rotation. Establishing the right conditions to make small grains work for farmers in the Corn Belt will positively impact water quality, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions.[2]
[1] “About,” Practical Farmers of Iowa, accessed October 26, 2020, https://practicalfarmers.org/about/
[2] “Small Grains in the Corn Belt: Project Components,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 26, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Small-Grains-Project-Components.11.8.18.pdf
The Sustainable Food Lab

The Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) was launched in 2004 as a non-profit organization to help companies and organizations test and implement innovations in sustainability in the mainstream food system. SFL’s efforts are centered in collaboration and the staff utilize science and performance-based measurement tools to foster impactful change whether supporting change needed for an entire sector, a specific landscape, or an individual company. The partnerships and strong relationships that SFL staff have with people working “on the ground” are critical to continued success. SFL facilitates the Small Grains in the Corn Belt initiative during which SFL partners with global food and beverage companies and farmer organizations to diversify the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations.[1] See the Case Studies section of this document for more on this organization. Also see Cool Farm Alliance in this section.
[1] “Our Approach,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 23, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/the-food-lab/about/
TOOLS
The agriculture industry continues to evolve as it employs tools and technologies that make food production more productive, efficient, and sustainable. In this section, we will present tools that can help quantify and manage environmental impacts of feed production.
The Aquaculture Stewardship Council

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is an independent, international non-profit organization founded in 2009 by the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and IDH (The Sustainable Trade Initiative) to manage the global standards for responsible aquaculture.[1] The ASC is developing a feed standard to define requirements for both responsible factory practices and for responsible feed ingredients for the three main ingredient groups used in aqua feed: marine ingredients, terrestrial plant ingredients and terrestrial animal ingredients. The global ASC Feed Standard will:
- provide a tool to help recognize and reward responsible aquaculture feed and will be applicable to all ASC farm standards. optimizing the use of energy and natural resources.
- provide an additional mechanism for producers and retailers to minimize and mitigate environmental and social impacts throughout their supply chain.
- provide more traceability and transparency to their stakeholders.
The goal of ASC’s Feed Standard will be to minimize the key negative environmental and social impacts of the production of the main feed ingredients for aquaculture. This standard is set to be implemented in the existing certification scheme. The new ASC Feed Standard is set to launch in 2020.[2]
[1] “About the ASC,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/about-us/about-the-asc/
[2] “Feed,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/our-standards/new-standards-and-reviews/new-farm-standards/new-feed/
FAIRR

Established by the Jeremy Coller Foundation, the FAIRR Initiative is a private foundation that raises awareness of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks and opportunities caused by intensive animal production. In 2019, FAIRR launched the Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing to encourage the 6 largest fast-food companies [1] to de-risk their meat and dairy supply chains against climate and water risks by adopting strategic policies and targets based on forward-looking analyses across three key areas – greenhouse gas emissions, water and land use. Specifically related to feed, each company was evaluated against a framework developed by Ceres and FAIRR to assess whether companies had a supplier policy that specifies that supplier will address all major sources of water pollution and waste in the animal protein supply chain, including feed production, and whether companies had set a time-bound target that explicitly addresses water impacts in its feed and animal farming supply chain. [2] In November 2020, the FAIRR Initiative released its Protein Producer Index to assess the largest animal protein producers on critical environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. [3]
[1] Chipotle Mexican Grill; Domino’s Pizza; McDonalds; Restaurant Brands International; Wendy’s; and Yum Foods.
[2] “Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing: Progress Briefing,” FAIRR, accessed September 22, 2020, https://www.fairr.org/article/global-investor-engagement-on-meat-sourcing/
Field to Market

Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture brings together a diverse group of grower organizations; agribusinesses; food, beverage, restaurant and retail companies; conservation groups; universities and public sector partners to focus on defining, measuring and advancing the sustainability of food, fiber, feed and fuel production. With nearly 150 member organizations, Field to Market provides unparalleled opportunities for multi-stakeholder collaboration through its Continuous Improvement Accelerator, an innovative framework of locally-led, member-driven conservation solutions backed by the transparency of a process-based standard. Underpinned by the industry’s most widely accepted sustainability measurement framework, the Accelerator enables Field to Market members to benchmark continuous improvement through the Fieldprint Platform and drive continuous improvement by supporting growers in the adoption of new technology and practices. Through the Accelerator, Field to Market partners with the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy to support dairy producers in eight states improve the sustainability of corn silage and alfalfa feed. Field to Market also collaborates closely with the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef by convening a joint feed task force to partner with organizations across the beef value chain in driving sustainable outcomes for feed. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Forum for the Future

Global Feed LCA Institute

The Institute for Feed Education and Research

The Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) Is a 501(c)(3) public charity founded in 2009 by the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA). IFEEDER focuses its work in two primary areas: funding animal feed and pet food research to support AFIA’s legislative and regulatory positions, and developing messaging to policymakers, consumer influencers, stakeholders that highlights the industry’s contributions to the availability of safe, wholesome and affordable food, and preservation of natural resources.[1]
IFEEDER is currently engaged in the first phase of a new research project that aims to assist the feed industry in addressing sustainability in a comprehensive, consistent, and strategic way. Specifically, the project has the goal of helping the feed industry by:[2]
- identifying the sustainability risks and needs of AFIA’s members by segment.
- developing tools that AFIA’s members can use to enhance or build their own sustainability programs.
- communicating and articulating sustainability for the American animal feed sector.
- targeting specific sustainability research topics to close knowledge gaps.
- developing a “sustainability roadmap” that helps AFIA members and IFEEDER connect the industry’s overall sustainability story with the values of its stakeholders.
[1] “The Institute,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/the-institute/
[2] “IFEEDER Seeks Contractor to Develop Feed Industry’s Sustainability Road Map,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/ifeeder-seeks-contractor-to-develop-feed-industrys-sustainability-road-map/
The International Feed Industry Federation

The International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF) represents the global feed industry as an essential participant in the food chain that provides sustainable, safe, nutritious, and affordable food for a growing world population. Overall, IFIF members represent over 80% of the compound animal feed production worldwide.[1] As part of its mission, IFIF supports and encourages the sustainable development of animal production through sustainability projects:
- Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS): The SFIS project brings together a consortium of international companies and associations dedicated to reducing the environmental impact of livestock through innovative specialty feed ingredients. The SFIS project examined the use of low protein (nitrogen) diets containing Amino Acids and Phytase in pigs and poultry (broilers in particular).[2]
- Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).[3]
- Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP).[4]
- Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL).[5]
[1] “About IFIF,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/about/ifif/
[2] “Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/the-speciality-feed-ingredients-sustainability-project-sfis/
[3] “Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-feed-lca-institute-gfli/
[4] “Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/partnership-on-livestock-environmental-assessment-and-performance-leap/
[5] “Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-agenda-for-sustainable-livestock/
Practical Farmers of Iowa
![]()
Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) is a membership organization that has pioneered farmer-centered and on-farm research of sustainable agriculture practices since the 1980s. PFI represents a diversity of farmers who raise corn and soybeans, hay, livestock, horticultural crops, and more.[1] Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) and Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) are the lead organizations of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, which has the goal of diversifying the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations. As part of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, PFI has been conducting on-farm pilots, feasibility studies, livestock feeding trials and research that has quantified the environmental benefits and farmer-economic proposition of growing and feeding small grains as part of an extended rotation. Establishing the right conditions to make small grains work for farmers in the Corn Belt will positively impact water quality, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions.[2]
[1] “About,” Practical Farmers of Iowa, accessed October 26, 2020, https://practicalfarmers.org/about/
[2] “Small Grains in the Corn Belt: Project Components,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 26, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Small-Grains-Project-Components.11.8.18.pdf
The Sustainable Food Lab

The Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) was launched in 2004 as a non-profit organization to help companies and organizations test and implement innovations in sustainability in the mainstream food system. SFL’s efforts are centered in collaboration and the staff utilize science and performance-based measurement tools to foster impactful change whether supporting change needed for an entire sector, a specific landscape, or an individual company. The partnerships and strong relationships that SFL staff have with people working “on the ground” are critical to continued success. SFL facilitates the Small Grains in the Corn Belt initiative during which SFL partners with global food and beverage companies and farmer organizations to diversify the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations.[1] See the Case Studies section of this document for more on this organization. Also see Cool Farm Alliance in this section.
[1] “Our Approach,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 23, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/the-food-lab/about/
REPORTS AND CASE STUDIES
The reports and case studies featured in this section compile approaches to improve current practices and to create innovative solutions for sustainable feed production.
The Aquaculture Stewardship Council

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is an independent, international non-profit organization founded in 2009 by the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and IDH (The Sustainable Trade Initiative) to manage the global standards for responsible aquaculture.[1] The ASC is developing a feed standard to define requirements for both responsible factory practices and for responsible feed ingredients for the three main ingredient groups used in aqua feed: marine ingredients, terrestrial plant ingredients and terrestrial animal ingredients. The global ASC Feed Standard will:
- provide a tool to help recognize and reward responsible aquaculture feed and will be applicable to all ASC farm standards. optimizing the use of energy and natural resources.
- provide an additional mechanism for producers and retailers to minimize and mitigate environmental and social impacts throughout their supply chain.
- provide more traceability and transparency to their stakeholders.
The goal of ASC’s Feed Standard will be to minimize the key negative environmental and social impacts of the production of the main feed ingredients for aquaculture. This standard is set to be implemented in the existing certification scheme. The new ASC Feed Standard is set to launch in 2020.[2]
[1] “About the ASC,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/about-us/about-the-asc/
[2] “Feed,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/our-standards/new-standards-and-reviews/new-farm-standards/new-feed/
FAIRR

Established by the Jeremy Coller Foundation, the FAIRR Initiative is a private foundation that raises awareness of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks and opportunities caused by intensive animal production. In 2019, FAIRR launched the Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing to encourage the 6 largest fast-food companies [1] to de-risk their meat and dairy supply chains against climate and water risks by adopting strategic policies and targets based on forward-looking analyses across three key areas – greenhouse gas emissions, water and land use. Specifically related to feed, each company was evaluated against a framework developed by Ceres and FAIRR to assess whether companies had a supplier policy that specifies that supplier will address all major sources of water pollution and waste in the animal protein supply chain, including feed production, and whether companies had set a time-bound target that explicitly addresses water impacts in its feed and animal farming supply chain. [2] In November 2020, the FAIRR Initiative released its Protein Producer Index to assess the largest animal protein producers on critical environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. [3]
[1] Chipotle Mexican Grill; Domino’s Pizza; McDonalds; Restaurant Brands International; Wendy’s; and Yum Foods.
[2] “Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing: Progress Briefing,” FAIRR, accessed September 22, 2020, https://www.fairr.org/article/global-investor-engagement-on-meat-sourcing/
Field to Market

Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture brings together a diverse group of grower organizations; agribusinesses; food, beverage, restaurant and retail companies; conservation groups; universities and public sector partners to focus on defining, measuring and advancing the sustainability of food, fiber, feed and fuel production. With nearly 150 member organizations, Field to Market provides unparalleled opportunities for multi-stakeholder collaboration through its Continuous Improvement Accelerator, an innovative framework of locally-led, member-driven conservation solutions backed by the transparency of a process-based standard. Underpinned by the industry’s most widely accepted sustainability measurement framework, the Accelerator enables Field to Market members to benchmark continuous improvement through the Fieldprint Platform and drive continuous improvement by supporting growers in the adoption of new technology and practices. Through the Accelerator, Field to Market partners with the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy to support dairy producers in eight states improve the sustainability of corn silage and alfalfa feed. Field to Market also collaborates closely with the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef by convening a joint feed task force to partner with organizations across the beef value chain in driving sustainable outcomes for feed. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Forum for the Future

Global Feed LCA Institute

The Institute for Feed Education and Research

The Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) Is a 501(c)(3) public charity founded in 2009 by the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA). IFEEDER focuses its work in two primary areas: funding animal feed and pet food research to support AFIA’s legislative and regulatory positions, and developing messaging to policymakers, consumer influencers, stakeholders that highlights the industry’s contributions to the availability of safe, wholesome and affordable food, and preservation of natural resources.[1]
IFEEDER is currently engaged in the first phase of a new research project that aims to assist the feed industry in addressing sustainability in a comprehensive, consistent, and strategic way. Specifically, the project has the goal of helping the feed industry by:[2]
- identifying the sustainability risks and needs of AFIA’s members by segment.
- developing tools that AFIA’s members can use to enhance or build their own sustainability programs.
- communicating and articulating sustainability for the American animal feed sector.
- targeting specific sustainability research topics to close knowledge gaps.
- developing a “sustainability roadmap” that helps AFIA members and IFEEDER connect the industry’s overall sustainability story with the values of its stakeholders.
[1] “The Institute,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/the-institute/
[2] “IFEEDER Seeks Contractor to Develop Feed Industry’s Sustainability Road Map,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/ifeeder-seeks-contractor-to-develop-feed-industrys-sustainability-road-map/
The International Feed Industry Federation

The International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF) represents the global feed industry as an essential participant in the food chain that provides sustainable, safe, nutritious, and affordable food for a growing world population. Overall, IFIF members represent over 80% of the compound animal feed production worldwide.[1] As part of its mission, IFIF supports and encourages the sustainable development of animal production through sustainability projects:
- Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS): The SFIS project brings together a consortium of international companies and associations dedicated to reducing the environmental impact of livestock through innovative specialty feed ingredients. The SFIS project examined the use of low protein (nitrogen) diets containing Amino Acids and Phytase in pigs and poultry (broilers in particular).[2]
- Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).[3]
- Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP).[4]
- Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL).[5]
[1] “About IFIF,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/about/ifif/
[2] “Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/the-speciality-feed-ingredients-sustainability-project-sfis/
[3] “Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-feed-lca-institute-gfli/
[4] “Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/partnership-on-livestock-environmental-assessment-and-performance-leap/
[5] “Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-agenda-for-sustainable-livestock/
Practical Farmers of Iowa
![]()
Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) is a membership organization that has pioneered farmer-centered and on-farm research of sustainable agriculture practices since the 1980s. PFI represents a diversity of farmers who raise corn and soybeans, hay, livestock, horticultural crops, and more.[1] Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) and Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) are the lead organizations of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, which has the goal of diversifying the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations. As part of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, PFI has been conducting on-farm pilots, feasibility studies, livestock feeding trials and research that has quantified the environmental benefits and farmer-economic proposition of growing and feeding small grains as part of an extended rotation. Establishing the right conditions to make small grains work for farmers in the Corn Belt will positively impact water quality, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions.[2]
[1] “About,” Practical Farmers of Iowa, accessed October 26, 2020, https://practicalfarmers.org/about/
[2] “Small Grains in the Corn Belt: Project Components,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 26, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Small-Grains-Project-Components.11.8.18.pdf
The Sustainable Food Lab

The Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) was launched in 2004 as a non-profit organization to help companies and organizations test and implement innovations in sustainability in the mainstream food system. SFL’s efforts are centered in collaboration and the staff utilize science and performance-based measurement tools to foster impactful change whether supporting change needed for an entire sector, a specific landscape, or an individual company. The partnerships and strong relationships that SFL staff have with people working “on the ground” are critical to continued success. SFL facilitates the Small Grains in the Corn Belt initiative during which SFL partners with global food and beverage companies and farmer organizations to diversify the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations.[1] See the Case Studies section of this document for more on this organization. Also see Cool Farm Alliance in this section.
[1] “Our Approach,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 23, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/the-food-lab/about/
RESEARCH
Recognizing there is a large body of research on feed efficiency, this section focuses on novel research related to feed sustainability going beyond feed efficiency.
Table 1. Examples of companies with commitments to feed sustainability strategies and initiatives.
| Sustainable Animal Feed Strategy | Initiative | Company |
| Sustainable grain crop production & certified feed ingredients | BeefUp | Cargill |
| Ecosystem Service Market Consortium (ESMC) Pilot Project | TNC, McDonald’s, Cargill, & Target | |
| Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) | Cargill, Carrefour,Tyson | |
| Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) | Cargill, Carrefour, JBS, McDonald’s, Tyson | |
| Small Grains for Pigs 2020 | Smithfield | |
| SmithfieldGro | Smithfield | |
| SOJALIM | Carrefour | |
| Tyson Foods and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) Partnership | Tyson | |
| Sustainable/certified beef production | Coalition for Global Protein | Tyson |
| Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB) | Cargill, JBS, McDonald’s, Tyson | |
| McDonald’s Beef Sustainability Program | McDonald’s | |
| Progressive Beef Program | Tyson | |
| U.S. Round Table for Sustainable Beef | Cargill, JBS, McDonald’s | |
| Grazing management | BeefUp | Cargill |
| Grassland restoration project | Cargill | |
| Ranch Systems and Viability Planning | WWF, Cargill, McDonald’s, & Walmart Foundation | |
| Feed efficiency & nutrition | Alternative feed | Carrefour |
| Beef feeding trial in Iowa | McDonald’s | |
| Global Food Safety Initiative | JBS | |
| Research on Animal Nutrition | Smithfield |
The Aquaculture Stewardship Council

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is an independent, international non-profit organization founded in 2009 by the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and IDH (The Sustainable Trade Initiative) to manage the global standards for responsible aquaculture.[1] The ASC is developing a feed standard to define requirements for both responsible factory practices and for responsible feed ingredients for the three main ingredient groups used in aqua feed: marine ingredients, terrestrial plant ingredients and terrestrial animal ingredients. The global ASC Feed Standard will:
- provide a tool to help recognize and reward responsible aquaculture feed and will be applicable to all ASC farm standards. optimizing the use of energy and natural resources.
- provide an additional mechanism for producers and retailers to minimize and mitigate environmental and social impacts throughout their supply chain.
- provide more traceability and transparency to their stakeholders.
The goal of ASC’s Feed Standard will be to minimize the key negative environmental and social impacts of the production of the main feed ingredients for aquaculture. This standard is set to be implemented in the existing certification scheme. The new ASC Feed Standard is set to launch in 2020.[2]
[1] “About the ASC,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/about-us/about-the-asc/
[2] “Feed,” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/our-standards/new-standards-and-reviews/new-farm-standards/new-feed/
FAIRR

Established by the Jeremy Coller Foundation, the FAIRR Initiative is a private foundation that raises awareness of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks and opportunities caused by intensive animal production. In 2019, FAIRR launched the Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing to encourage the 6 largest fast-food companies [1] to de-risk their meat and dairy supply chains against climate and water risks by adopting strategic policies and targets based on forward-looking analyses across three key areas – greenhouse gas emissions, water and land use. Specifically related to feed, each company was evaluated against a framework developed by Ceres and FAIRR to assess whether companies had a supplier policy that specifies that supplier will address all major sources of water pollution and waste in the animal protein supply chain, including feed production, and whether companies had set a time-bound target that explicitly addresses water impacts in its feed and animal farming supply chain. [2] In November 2020, the FAIRR Initiative released its Protein Producer Index to assess the largest animal protein producers on critical environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. [3]
[1] Chipotle Mexican Grill; Domino’s Pizza; McDonalds; Restaurant Brands International; Wendy’s; and Yum Foods.
[2] “Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing: Progress Briefing,” FAIRR, accessed September 22, 2020, https://www.fairr.org/article/global-investor-engagement-on-meat-sourcing/
Field to Market

Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture brings together a diverse group of grower organizations; agribusinesses; food, beverage, restaurant and retail companies; conservation groups; universities and public sector partners to focus on defining, measuring and advancing the sustainability of food, fiber, feed and fuel production. With nearly 150 member organizations, Field to Market provides unparalleled opportunities for multi-stakeholder collaboration through its Continuous Improvement Accelerator, an innovative framework of locally-led, member-driven conservation solutions backed by the transparency of a process-based standard. Underpinned by the industry’s most widely accepted sustainability measurement framework, the Accelerator enables Field to Market members to benchmark continuous improvement through the Fieldprint Platform and drive continuous improvement by supporting growers in the adoption of new technology and practices. Through the Accelerator, Field to Market partners with the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy to support dairy producers in eight states improve the sustainability of corn silage and alfalfa feed. Field to Market also collaborates closely with the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef by convening a joint feed task force to partner with organizations across the beef value chain in driving sustainable outcomes for feed. This organization has tools listed in the Tools section of this document.
Forum for the Future

Global Feed LCA Institute

The Institute for Feed Education and Research

The Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) Is a 501(c)(3) public charity founded in 2009 by the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA). IFEEDER focuses its work in two primary areas: funding animal feed and pet food research to support AFIA’s legislative and regulatory positions, and developing messaging to policymakers, consumer influencers, stakeholders that highlights the industry’s contributions to the availability of safe, wholesome and affordable food, and preservation of natural resources.[1]
IFEEDER is currently engaged in the first phase of a new research project that aims to assist the feed industry in addressing sustainability in a comprehensive, consistent, and strategic way. Specifically, the project has the goal of helping the feed industry by:[2]
- identifying the sustainability risks and needs of AFIA’s members by segment.
- developing tools that AFIA’s members can use to enhance or build their own sustainability programs.
- communicating and articulating sustainability for the American animal feed sector.
- targeting specific sustainability research topics to close knowledge gaps.
- developing a “sustainability roadmap” that helps AFIA members and IFEEDER connect the industry’s overall sustainability story with the values of its stakeholders.
[1] “The Institute,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/the-institute/
[2] “IFEEDER Seeks Contractor to Develop Feed Industry’s Sustainability Road Map,” IFEEDER, accessed September 23, 2020, https://ifeeder.org/ifeeder-seeks-contractor-to-develop-feed-industrys-sustainability-road-map/
The International Feed Industry Federation

The International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF) represents the global feed industry as an essential participant in the food chain that provides sustainable, safe, nutritious, and affordable food for a growing world population. Overall, IFIF members represent over 80% of the compound animal feed production worldwide.[1] As part of its mission, IFIF supports and encourages the sustainable development of animal production through sustainability projects:
- Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS): The SFIS project brings together a consortium of international companies and associations dedicated to reducing the environmental impact of livestock through innovative specialty feed ingredients. The SFIS project examined the use of low protein (nitrogen) diets containing Amino Acids and Phytase in pigs and poultry (broilers in particular).[2]
- Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).[3]
- Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP).[4]
- Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL).[5]
[1] “About IFIF,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/about/ifif/
[2] “Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/the-speciality-feed-ingredients-sustainability-project-sfis/
[3] “Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-feed-lca-institute-gfli/
[4] “Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP),” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/partnership-on-livestock-environmental-assessment-and-performance-leap/
[5] “Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock,” International Feed Industry Federation, accessed September 14, 2020, https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-agenda-for-sustainable-livestock/
Practical Farmers of Iowa
![]()
Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) is a membership organization that has pioneered farmer-centered and on-farm research of sustainable agriculture practices since the 1980s. PFI represents a diversity of farmers who raise corn and soybeans, hay, livestock, horticultural crops, and more.[1] Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) and Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) are the lead organizations of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, which has the goal of diversifying the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations. As part of the Small Grains in the Corn Belt project, PFI has been conducting on-farm pilots, feasibility studies, livestock feeding trials and research that has quantified the environmental benefits and farmer-economic proposition of growing and feeding small grains as part of an extended rotation. Establishing the right conditions to make small grains work for farmers in the Corn Belt will positively impact water quality, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions.[2]
[1] “About,” Practical Farmers of Iowa, accessed October 26, 2020, https://practicalfarmers.org/about/
[2] “Small Grains in the Corn Belt: Project Components,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 26, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Small-Grains-Project-Components.11.8.18.pdf
The Sustainable Food Lab

The Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) was launched in 2004 as a non-profit organization to help companies and organizations test and implement innovations in sustainability in the mainstream food system. SFL’s efforts are centered in collaboration and the staff utilize science and performance-based measurement tools to foster impactful change whether supporting change needed for an entire sector, a specific landscape, or an individual company. The partnerships and strong relationships that SFL staff have with people working “on the ground” are critical to continued success. SFL facilitates the Small Grains in the Corn Belt initiative during which SFL partners with global food and beverage companies and farmer organizations to diversify the corn/soy system through more diverse livestock feed rations.[1] See the Case Studies section of this document for more on this organization. Also see Cool Farm Alliance in this section.
[1] “Our Approach,” Sustainable Food Lab, accessed October 23, 2020, https://sustainablefoodlab.org/the-food-lab/about/
COMPANIES’ FEED SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS
Every company along the value chain has the potential to make a significant contribution towards sustainable feed. In this section, we will feature examples of sustainable feed efforts of different processors, brands, and retailers.
Your Title Goes Here
Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.
Your Title Goes Here
Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.
DISCUSSION
As the demand for animal protein increases,[1] so does the demand for animal feed. In this context, the issue of feed sustainability has risen up the corporate agenda in recent years and remains one of the biggest challenges for the industry. The purpose of this Resource Guide on Sustainable Animal Feed was to provide resources and information related to feed sustainability to help our members and community create, meet, and exceed their feed sustainability goals.
Despite the complex environmental, social, and economic issues that still need to be addressed in the feed industry, every company along the value chain has the potential to make a significant contribution towards feed sustainability. Recently, companies’ feed sustainability efforts have expanded from sustainable grain crop production initiatives to initiatives focused on reducing the demand for feed through feed eco-efficiency and novel feed ingredients.[2] As commitments to regenerative agriculture increase across consumer goods companies and retailers the heightened focus on a systems approach to feed as part of both the animal system and the environmental system is expected. This holistic approach will broaden the emphasis from fostering sustainable production of feed ingredients to enhancing the overall sustainability of the animal and environmental system including feed.
[1] “Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends,” World Health Organization, accessed October 27, 2020, https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/3_foodconsumption/en/index4.html
[2] Why pay attention to Animal Feed, “Forum for the Future,” accessed October 27, 2020, https://www.forumforthefuture.org/blog/why-pay-attention-to-animal-feed
REFERENCES
Adapt-N. “Section Features.” Accessed September 21, 2020. http://www.adapt-n.com/#section-features
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. “Holos software program.” Accessed September 09, 2020. https://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/scientific-collaboration-and-research-in-agriculture/agricultural-research-results/holos-software-program/?id=1349181297838
Aquaculture Stewardship Council. “About the ASC.” Accessed September 28, 2020. https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/about-us/about-the-asc/
Aquaculture Stewardship Council. “Feed.” Accessed September 28, 2020. https://www.asc-aqua.org/what-we-do/our-standards/new-standards-and-reviews/new-farm-standards/new-feed/
American Feed Industry Association. “About AFIA.” Accessed September 15, 2020. https://www.afia.org/about-afia/mission-vision-values/
Asem-Hiablie, Senorpe, et al. “A life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts of a beef system in the USA.” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 24.3 (2019): 441-455.
BASF. “AgBalance™ Livestock.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.basf.com/global/en/products/nutrition/animal-nutrition/AgBalance-Livestock.html
BASF. “U.S. Beef – Eco-efficiency Analysis.” NSF. https://www.beefresearch.org/CMDocs/BeefResearch/Sustainability%20Completed%20Project%20Summaries/BASF_NCBA%20US%20Beef%20Industry%20Phase2_%20NSF%20EEA%20Analysis%20Report_FINAL.pdf
Bunge. “About Centerfield.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.bungecenterfield.com/Home/AboutCenterfield/tabid/197/Default.aspx
Bunge. “Welcome to Centerfield.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.bungecenterfield.com/
Cargill. “Cargill Nutrition System: A world of insights brought right to your door.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.cargill.com/animal-nutrition/innovation/cargill-nutrition-system
Cargill. “Cargill aims to BeefUp Sustainability.” Accessed September 09, 2020. https://www.cargill.com/story/cargill-aims-to-beefup-sustainability
Cargill. “Sustainable Beef.” Accessed September 08, 2020. https://www.cargill.com/sustainability/sustainable-beef
Cattau, Megan E., Miriam E. Marlier, and Ruth DeFries. “Effectiveness of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) for reducing fires on oil palm concessions in Indonesia from 2012 to 2015.” Environmental Research Letters 11.10 (2016): 105007.
COMET Farm. “What is COMET Farm.” Accessed September 08, 2020. http://comet-farm.com/
Cool Farm Alliance. “The Cool Farm Tool.” Accessed September 08, 2020. https://coolfarmtool.org/coolfarmtool/
Cool Farm Alliance. “Frequently Asked Questions.” Accessed September 08, 2020. https://coolfarmtool.org/coolfarmtool/frequently-asked-questions/
Cool Farm Alliance. “The Cool Farm Tool.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://coolfarmtool.org/coolfarmtool/
Datu Research. Shared Value: How Smithfield Foods creates environmental and business benefits through supply chain partnerships (February 23, 2019). https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/content/smithfield-case-study.pdf
Drovers. “Project Supports Nebraska Regenerative Agriculture.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://www.drovers.com/article/project-supports-nebraska-regenerative-agriculture
Ecosystem Services Market Consortium. “Pilot Projects.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://ecosystemservicesmarket.org/pilot-projects/
Environmental Defense Fund. “$1 million USDA award expands public-private partnerships for ag sustainability.” Accessed October 27, 2020. http://blogs.edf.org/growingreturns/2018/02/14/usda-rcpp-north-carolina-iowa/
Environmental Defense Fund, and K·Coe Isom. Poultry Sustainability Guide. https://614id4802rj1n5bzhugm3ddx-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/EDFBiz-Poultry-Sustainability-Report_FINAL.pdf
European Commission. “The Environmental Footprint Pilots.” Accessed October 20, 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/ef_pilots.htm#pef
FAIRR. “Global Investor Engagement on Meat Sourcing: Progress Briefing.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.fairr.org/article/global-investor-engagement-on-meat-sourcing/
Farm Progress. “New oat, wheat markets debut in Iowa.” Accessed October 27, 2020. https://www.farmprogress.com/
FEFAC. Soy Sourcing Guidelines (June 2016). https://fefac.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fefac_soy_sourcing_guidelines_en-1.pdf
FEFAC. “Sustainability.” Accessed September 15, 2020. https://fefac.eu/priorities/sustainability/
FEFAC. “The PEFCR Feed for Food-Producing Animals.” FEFAC. Accessed September 15, 2020. https://fefac.eu/priorities/sustainability/pefcr-feed/
Field to Market. “Fieldprint Platform.” Accessed September 09, 2020. https://fieldtomarket.org/our-programs/leading-with-science/fieldprint-platform/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains: Guidelines for assessment. Rome: FAO, 2016. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6433e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Feed Safety Multi-Stakeholder Partnership. Rome: FAO, 2016. http://www.fao.org/3/a-br874e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM).” Accessed September 08, 2020. http://www.fao.org/gleam/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “Livestock and the environment.” Accessed September 15, 2020. http://www.fao.org/livestock-environment/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Transforming the livestock sector through the Sustainable Development Goals. Rome: FAO, 2018. http://www.fao.org/3/CA1201EN/ca1201en.pdf
Forum for the Future. “Reinventing the way the world works.” Forum for the Future. Accessed September 21, 2020. https://www.forumforthefuture.org/reinventing-the-way-the-world-works
Forum for the Future. The feed behind our food: Time to act on feed (2018). http://www.igfa.ie/resources/FeedBehindOurFood.pdf
Forum for the Future. The Future of Food (2019). https://www.forumforthefuture.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=f2a9339c-8a62-4462-a886-f7de0e3fd729
Forum for the Future. “1/3: Why pay attention to Animal Feed.” Accessed September 21, 2020. https://www.forumforthefuture.org/blog/why-pay-attention-to-animal-feed
Forum for the Future. “Feed Compass: acting on animal feed.” Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.forumforthefuture.org/feed-compass
Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock. ACTION NETWORK 1 – Closing the Efficiency Gap. http://www.livestockdialogue.org/fileadmin/templates/res_livestock/docs/Area_1/Closing_the_Efficiency_gaps.pdf
Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock. Progress Report (GASL, 2019), http://www.livestockdialogue.org/fileadmin/templates/res_livestock/docs/Progress_Report/REPORT_GASL_2020.pdf
Global Food Safety Initiative and The Consumer Goods Forum. GFSI Guidance Document. https://www.mccain.com/media/1407/gfsi-guidance-document.pdf
Global Feed LCA Institute. “About the GFLI.” Accessed September 22, 2020. http://globalfeedlca.org/about-gfli/about-the-gfli/
Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. “Home.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://www.grsbeef.org/
Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. “Members.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://www.grsbeef.org/page-1861857
Global Science & Technology. Success Stories on User Engagement (September 30, 2015). https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/NCEI-Success-Stories-on-User-Engagement-Case-Study-1-Adapt-N.pdf
IFEEDER. “IFEEDER Seeks Contractor to Develop Feed Industry’s Sustainability Road Map.” Accessed September 23, 2020. https://ifeeder.org/ifeeder-seeks-contractor-to-develop-feed-industrys-sustainability-road-map/
IFEEDER. “The Institute.” Accessed September 23, 2020. https://ifeeder.org/the-institute/
Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy. “Animal Care.” Accessed September 15, 2020. https://www.usdairy.com/sustainability/animal-care
Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy. “Environmental Sustainability.” Accessed September 15, 2020. https://www.usdairy.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability
Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy. “The U.S. Dairy Stewardship Commitment.” Accessed September 15, 2020. http://commitment.usdairy.com/
International Feed Industry Federation. “About IFIF.” Accessed September 14, 2020. https://ifif.org/about/ifif/
International Feed Industry Federation. “Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock.” Accessed September 14, 2020. https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-agenda-for-sustainable-livestock/
International Feed Industry Federation. “Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI).” Accessed September 14, 2020. https://ifif.org/our-work/project/global-feed-lca-institute-gfli/
International Feed Industry Federation. “Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP).” Accessed September 14, 2020. https://ifif.org/our-work/project/partnership-on-livestock-environmental-assessment-and-performance-leap/
International Feed Industry Federation. “Specialty Feed Ingredients Sustainability Project (SFIS).” Accessed September 14, 2020. https://ifif.org/our-work/project/the-speciality-feed-ingredients-sustainability-project-sfis/
JBS. “Beef.” Accessed September 08, 2020. https://jbssa.com/our-business/beef/
Kroebel, Roland, Henry Janzen, and Karen A. Beauchemin. “Canadian Whole-Farm Model Holos-Development, Stakeholder Involvement, and Model Application.” AGUFM 2017 (2017): GC33I-08.
Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP). “The Partnership.” Accessed September 14, 2020. http://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/overview/the-partnership/en/
McDonald’s Flagship Farmers Program. “About the program.” Accessed October 23, 2020. https://www.flagshipfarmers.com/en/about-the-program/
McDonald’s Newsroom. “World Wildlife Fund Joins the Walmart Foundation, Cargill, McDonald’s to Launch Million-Acre Grazing Initiative to Help Restore Grasslands, Address Climate Change.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://news.mcdonalds.com/news-releases/news-release-details/world-wildlife-fund-joins-walmart-foundation-cargill-mcdonalds/
Monteiro, Alessandra Nardina Trícia Rigo, and Jean-Yves Dourmad. “Life cycle assessment of feed ingredients.” SUMINAPP – Sustainable Usage of trace Minerals for Animal Production Programs (2018). DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26695.75682
National Milk Producers Federation. “U.S. Dairy Innovation Center sets 2050 Goals.” Regulatory Register 22, no. 2 (Summer 2020). https://www.nmpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/FINAL-Regulatory-Register-Summer-2020.pdf
PEFCR. PEFCR Feed for food producing animals (April 2018). https://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/pdf/PEFCR_feed.pdf
Pork Checkoff. “Environmental Impact of Pig Farming.” Accessed September 02, 2020. https://www.pork.org/environment/environmental-impact-pig-farming/
Practical Farmers of Iowa. “About.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://practicalfarmers.org/about/
Practical Farmers of Iowa. Small Grains for Pigs 2020. https://practicalfarmers.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PFI2019_Smithfield-Program_Flyer.pdf
Round Table on Responsible Soy. “About RTRS.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://responsiblesoy.org/sobre-la-rtrs?lang=en#que-es
Round Table on Responsible Soy. “Members.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://responsiblesoy.org/miembros?lang=en
Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil. “Search For Members.” Accessed October 26, 2020. https://rspo.org/members/all
Smithfield. 2019 Sustainability Impact Report. https://www.smithfieldfoods.com/pdf/sustainability/SMITHFIELD_CSR_Report.pdf
Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops. “Welcome to the Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops.” Accessed September 03, 2020. https://www.stewardshipindex.org/
Sustainable Food Lab. “Our Approach.” Accessed October 23, 2020. https://sustainablefoodlab.org/the-food-lab/about/
Sustainable Food Lab. “Small Grains in the Corn Belt Making Diverse Rotations Work.” Accessed September 15, 2020. https://sustainablefoodlab.org/initiatives/oats-in-the-cornbelt/
Sustainable Food Lab. “Small Grains in the Corn Belt: Supply Chain Partner Newsletter.” Issue 9 (Summer 2020). https://us2.campaign-archive.com/?u=a4585b9dcc47387661ebb18cb&id=f972d2638e
The Consumer Goods Forum. “CGF Forest Positive Coalition of Action.” Accessed October 12, 2020. https://www.theconsumergoodsforum.com/wp-content/uploads/202009-CGF-Forest-Positive-Palm-Oil-Roadmap-v1.pdf
The Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) Platform. “Our Value.” Accessed September 03, 2020. https://saiplatform.org/our-value/what-we-do/#Working_Groups_and_Committees
The Sustainability Consortium. “THESIS, The Sustainability Insight System.” Accessed September 09, 2020. https://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/what-we-offer/thesis/
Truterra. “Truterra Insights.” Accessed September 03, 2020. https://www.truterrainsights.com/
Tyson. 2019 Sustainability Report. https://www.tysonsustainability.com/downloads/Tyson_2019_Sustainability_Report.pdf
Urdiales, María Pérez, Alfons Oude Lansink, and Alan Wall. “Eco-efficiency among dairy farmers: the importance of socio-economic characteristics and farmer attitudes.” Environmental and Resource Economics 64.4 (2016): 559-574.
USDA Agricultural Research Service. “Integrated Farm System Model.” Accessed September 09, 2020. https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/up-pa/pswmru/docs/integrated-farm-system-model/
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. “Resource Stewardship.” Accessed September 02, 2020, https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/cp/?cid=nrcseprd429509
U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. “About.” Accessed September 14, 2020. https://www.usrsb.org/about
U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Annual Report 2018. https://www.usrsb.org/Media/USRSB/Docs/2018_annual_report.pdf
U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Current Members. Accessed October 26, 2020. https://www.usrsb.org/membership
U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Poultry & Eggs. “Home.” Accessed October 20, 2020. https://www.us-rspe.org/
Wageningen University. “FeedPrint NL.” Accessed September 09, 2020. http://webapplicaties.wur.nl/software/feedprintNL/index.asp
Walmart. Walmart sets goal to become a regenerative company. https://corporate.walmart.com/media-library/document/walmart-sets-goal-to-become-a-regenerative-company/_proxyDocument?id=00000174-ae08-dcf3-a7fc-afdcca070000
Walmart. “Grazing Toward a Sustainable Beef Supply Chain.” Accessed October 12, 2020. https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2020/08/07/grazing-toward-a-sustainable-beef-supply-chain
Walmart Sustainability Hub. “Supplier Recognition.” Accessed September 18, 2020. https://www.walmartsustainabilityhub.com/supplier-recognition
World Health Organization. “Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends.” Accessed October 27, 2020. https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/3_foodconsumption/en/index4.html
